Table 1 Participant characteristics for the whole group and according to sarcopenia status
Characteristic | All (n = 682) | No sarcopenia (n = 625) | Probable sarcopenia (n = 45) | Sarcopenia (n = 12) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (female) (n, %) | 339 (49.7) | 294 (47.0) | 37 (82.2) | 8 (66.7) | < 0.001 | ||
Age (year) (median, IQR) | 70.9 (65.5–78.1) | 70.4 (65.1–76.9) | 82.2 (74.0-87.5) | 74.3 (67.3–82.2) | |||
SES (n, %) | 0.250 | ||||||
Low | 174 (25.7) | 165 (25.5) | 7 (15.9) | 2 (16.7) | |||
Mid | 339 (50.0) | 304 (48.9) | 26 (59.1) | 9 (75.0) | |||
Upper | 165 (24.3) | 153 (24.6) | 11 (25.0) | 1 (8.3) | |||
Married/in relationship (n, %) | 489 (71.9) | 465 (74.4) | 17 (39.5) | 7 (58.3) | < 0.001 | ||
Education (n, %) | 0.017 | ||||||
No high school | 328 (48.3) | 288 (46.2) | 33 (75.0) | 7 (58.3) | |||
Completed high school | 81 (11.9) | 76 (12.2) | 3 (6.8) | 2 (16.7) | |||
TAFE | 172 (25.3) | 164 (26.3) | 6 (13.6) | 2 (16.7) | |||
University | 98 (14.4) | 95 (15.3) | 2 (4.6) | 1 (8.3) | |||
BMI (kg/m2) (mean, SD) | 28.4 (5.4) | 28.4 (5.3) | 29.2 (6.8) | 23.5 (3.1) | 0.004 | ||
Smoker (ever) (n, %) | 292 (42.9) | 269 (43.1) | 18 (40.0) | 5 (41.7) | 0.917 | ||
Physical activity (median, IQR) | 7.2 (2.4–16.2) | 8.4 (2.8–16.9) | 1.9 (1.2–5.3) | 2.3 (1.3–13.9) | < 0.001 | ||
Alcohol ≥ 20 g/day (n, %) | 259 (38.7) | 249 (40.6) | 7 (16.3) | 3 (25.0) | 0.004 | ||
Diet (ARFS) (mean, SD) | 32.1 (9.3) | 32.2 (9.3) | 31.8 (8.4) | 27.6 (11.0) | 0.276 | ||
HADS-D ≥ 8 (n, %) | 56 (8.2) | 44 (7.0) | 9 (20.0) | 3 (25.0) | 0.002 | ||
HADS-A ≥ 8 (n, %) | 122 (17.9) | 110 (17.6) | 7 (15.6) | 5 (41.7) | 0.090 | ||
Poor QoL (WHOQOL-BREF) (n, %) | |||||||
Physical health | 379 (55.7) | 335 (53.6) | 34 (77.3) | 10 (83.3) | 0.001 | ||
Psychological | 267 (39.2) | 233 (37.3) | 28 (63.6) | 6 (50.0) | 0.002 | ||
Social relationships | 286 (42.8) | 251 (41.0) | 27 (61.4) | 8 (66.7) | 0.007 | ||
Environment | 305 (45.0) | 271 (43.6) | 29 (65.9) | 5 (41.7) | 0.015 | ||